Name the capital city of Egypt.

Cairo is the capital city of Egypt and serves as the largest city in the Arab world. It is situated near the Nile River and has historically been a center for culture, politics, and trade in the region. As the capital, Cairo hosts the headquarters of the Egyptian government, foreign embassies, and major cultural institutions such as the Egyptian Museum, which holds a vast collection of ancient Egyptian antiquities.

Alexandria, while notable for its historical significance and as a prominent city on the Mediterranean coast, is not the capital. Giza, famous for its pyramids, is located just outside Cairo but is primarily known for its archaeological importance rather than its administrative role. Luxor, renowned for its temples and monuments from ancient Egyptian history, is often considered the world's greatest open-air museum, but it does not hold the capital distinction. Therefore, the choice of Cairo as the capital is rooted in its longstanding political and cultural prominence in Egypt.